We find that the presence of a lvfz alters the distribution of offfault plastic strain and results in. Download geology of the earthquake source ebook pdf or read online books in pdf, epub. The connection between fault zone architecture and seismic behavior is central to studies of the physics of earthquakes and faulting. Numerical simulations of earthquake failure sequences along a discrete cellular fault zone are performed for a threedimensional 3d model representing approximately the central san andreas fault. This multidisciplinary volume presents an overview of earthquake processes and properties including the physics of dynamic faulting, fault fabric and mechanics, physical and chemical properties of fault zones, dynamic rupture processes, and numerical modeling of fault zones during seismic rupture. If the content fault zone properties and earthquake rupture. Faultzone properties and earthquake rupture dynamics ebook. Pdf fault zone properties and earthquake rupture dynamics. Immediately after the mainshock, two wenchuan fault scientific drilling wfsd boreholes were drilled at wfsd. The model consists of an upper crust overlying a lower crust and mantle region. Anatomy of a megathrust earthquake rupture the 2010 m8. The dynamics of the earthquake rupture process are closely related to fault zone properties which the authors have intensively investigated by various observations in the field as well as by laboratory experiments. Rupture properties outside the limited source region are examined for ranges of values of.
The fault core and damage zone are surrounded by protolith that is relatively undeformed units which may contain joints not primarily related to the fault zone, and exists as a background deformation pattern forster and evans, 1991. Geometry and slip distribution of coseismic surface ruptures produced by the 2001 mw 7. For instance, the exceptionally large slip during the 2011 tohokuoki earthquake has been attributed to the. Dynamics, radiation and overall energy budget of earthquake. Chapter 4 fault zone structure and deformation processes along an exhumed lowangle normal fault. Fault geometries and structures associated with the. Jun 20, 2016 neartrench slip during large megathrust earthquakes megaquakes is an important factor in the generation of destructive tsunamis.
Introduction for the faultzone properties and earthquake rupture dynamics e. Earthquake source dynamics provides key elements for the prediction of strong ground motion and to understand the physics of earthquake initiation, propagation, and heal ing see, e. Presence of deep creeks allows a 3d view of the fault zone. Scaling of slip weakening distance and fault zone structure. Effects of fault zone damage on rupture patterns throughout multiple earthquake cycles j.
Dynamic ruptures in recent models of earthquake faults. Depth varying rupture properties of subduction zone. Fault zone dynamic processes geophysical monograph series. Seismic fault rheology and earthquake dynamics james r.
Final report for submission by ruth harris to scec march. Faultzone properties and earthquake rupture dynamics pdf. Dilatancyinduced uid pressure drop during dynamic rupture. Recent research focus is migrating to early warning e. Offfault deformations and shallow slip deficit from dynamic.
In particular, core questions in earthquake science can be addressed once these properties of small earthquakes are well. Fault zone properties and earthquake rupture dynamics eiichi fukuyama eds. Role of weak materials in earthquake rupture dynamics. If the property being sold intersects an alquistpriolo earthquake fault zone, that fact must be disclosed to a potential buyer before the sales process is complete. Effects of lowvelocity fault zones on dynamic ruptures with.
The problem version tpv33 figure 2 is the case of a lowvelocity faultzone that produces guided waves. Research on earthquake faulting and rupture dynamics has developed together with earthquake prediction research programs. Faultzone properties and earthquake rupture dynamics, volume. Kanamori and brodsky, 2004 and on the physical and chemical pro. Despite more than a century of ruptures following the 1891 nobi and 1906 san francisco earthquakes, where scientists recognized the intimate relationship between surface faulting and the earthquake itself, mapping of rupture distri. However, the majority of prior work has focused primarily on conditions under. Surface rupture and slip distribution of the 1940 imperial.
We develop a new technique for monitoring temporal changes in fault zone environments based on crosscorrelation of earthquake waveforms recorded by. Download fault zone properties and earthquake rupture dynamics pdf epub, mobi ebooks without registration on our website. Scec project 18096 report effects of fault zone damage on. The main hydrogeologic properties of fault zones are believed to be highly anisotropic. This chapter introduces the book on fault zone properties and earthquake rupture dynamics. In order to systematically study these variations, the rupture zones in the sierra cucapah were divided into 77 sections based on alongstrike changes in master fault orientation andor rupture zone width in map view see supplemental file 3 3 for pdf of tabulated fault section geometry, location, and rupture zone dimensions. These include geological investigation of the active and fossil faults, physical and chemical features obtained by the laboratory experiments, as well as the seismological. International geophysics faultzone properties and earthquake. In general, volume changes in synthetic gouge are expected to depend signi cantly on initial consolidation state and the degree of cementation of the gouge.
Faultzone properties and earthquake rupture dynamics. Evolution of fault properties during seismic rupture is a valuable resource for scientists, researchers and students from across the geosciences interested in the earthquakes processes. Modeling dynamic rupture in a 3d earthquake fault model. Shan fault lsf zone that ruptured in the 2008 may 12 m8 wenchuan earthquake in sichuan, china. The physics of earthquake rupture a central goal of seismology is to understand the physics of earthquakes and other sources of seismic waves in the. Introduction for the faultzone properties and earthquake rupture dynamics by e. The earthquake rupture propagated northeast for 300 km, producing dextral. Fault zone properties and earthquake rupture dynamics table of contents. Scaling of slip weakening distance with final slip during dynamic earthquake rupture massimo cocco1, elisa tinti1, chris marone1,2, and alessio. An earthquake s point of initial rupture is called its hypocenter or focus. Portion of an earthquake fault zone efz map on the hollywood fault from the hollywood 7. Learning to read faultslip behavior from faultzone structure. Tpv34 figure 3 is the case of a 3d velocity structure obtained from the harvard community velocity.
Geometry and slip distribution of coseismic surface ruptures produced by the 2001 kunlun, northern tibet, earthquake 15 aiming lin 1. Fault surfaces show clear evidence for surface melting at high normal stress. The critical slip distance for seismic and aseismic fault. Download pdf geology of the earthquake source free. Review article full text access chapter 1 introduction. An earthquake is a phenomenon that ruptures the crust to release the stress accumulated by the tectonic loading. The dynamics of the earthquake rupture process are closely related to fault zone properties which the authors have intensively investigated by various observations in the field as. Faultzone properties and earthquake rupture dynamics issn book 94 kindle edition by fukuyama, eiichi. The dynamics of the earthquake rupture process are closely related to fault zone properties which the authors. The fault zone is made of about 200 subparallel strikeslip faults some indicated by arrows. Weak materials in seismic slip zones are important in studies of earthquake mechanics.
The mainshock ruptured the little lake fault zone, and aftershocks extended from the garlock fault in the south to the southern end of the 1872 m 7. Poroelastoplastic offfault response and dynamics of. While most current studies involving off fault inelastic deformation employ simple brittle failure yield criteria such as the druckerprager yield criterion, the material surrounding the fault plane itself, known as fault gouge, has the tendency to deform in a ductile. Effects of lowvelocity fault zones on dynamic ruptures. Download pdf geology of the earthquake source free online. Offfault plasticity and earthquake rupture dynamics. Faultzone properties and earthquake rupture dynamics issn. In the simplest case of linear degradation of the friction coefficient with slip du, the shear strength t of the. Earthquake fault zones are delineated by the state geologist and implemented by lead agencies through permitting, inspection and landuse planning activities. The critical slip distance for seismic and aseismic fault zones of finite width. Dynamic earthquake rupture in the lower crust science. These key kinematic source parameters provide important constraints on earthquake physics and rupture dynamics.
A mohrcoulomb failure criterion is used to characterize nonelastic off fault response to earthquake ruptures. Faultzone properties and earthquake rupture dynamics, edited by e. It follows that pseudotachylytebearing fault networks might retain a wealth of information on seismic faulting and earthquake mechanics. Instant access to millions of titles from our library and its free to try.
However, details of the failure process and sequence of events that lead to seismic slip in the lower crust remain. Rice1 and massimo cocco2 1department of earth and planetary sciences and division of engineering and applied sciences, harvard university, 224 pierce hall, cambridge, ma 028, u. Ubiquitous weakening of faults due to thermal pressurization. Applications to faultzone properties and rupture dynamics by william l. Faultzone properties arid earthquake rupture dynamics.
Recent studies demonstrate that earthquakes also occur in the lower crust of collision zones and play a key role in metamorphic processes that modify its physical properties. Evolution of fault properties during seismic rupture, geophysical monograph 227. Recent studies of rupture processes of selected earthquakes have. Recognizing that earthquakes are complex phenomena, this conceptual model is intended as a. We proposed a new approach to assessing the neartrench slip.
All books are in clear copy here, and all files are secure so dont worry about it. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading faultzone properties and earthquake rupture dynamics issn book 94. Eliza richardson curriculum vitae penn state geosciences. Effect of small scale branches on rupture dynamics laboratory patterns of offfault secondary failures induced by the dynamic rupture on a main fault plane have been extensively investigated works by j. Dry materials or neglect of fluid pressure changes elizabeth l. Faultzone properties and earthquake rupture dynamics eiichi fukuyama eds. Fault zone properties and earthquake rupture dynamicsnafti. Influence of hydromechanical heterogeneities of fault zones on.
Earthquakes in the continental crust commonly occur in the upper 15 to 20 km. Faultzone properties and earthquake rupture dynamics by. Purchase fault zone properties and earthquake rupture dynamics, volume 94 1st edition. Spectral element simulations of long term fault slip. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading fault zone properties and earthquake rupture dynamics issn book 94. Sep 01, 2014 anatomy of a megathrust earthquake rupture the 2010 m8.
Chapters in the present volume capture the current state of the art by displaying an overview of the existing knowledge on the physics of dynamic faulting and promote multidisciplinary contributions on the observational and experimental fault fabric and mechanics, the evolution of fault zone physical and chemical properties, dynamic rupture. We find that the presence of a lvfz alters the distribution of off fault plastic strain and results in. Quantitative analysis of seismic fault zone waves in the rupture zone of the 1992 landers, california, earthquake. Source properties of dynamic rupture pulses with offfault plasticity. The real estate agent is legally bound to present this information to the buyer. An exciting discovery made in the safod main hole was a new type of seismic wave. Fukuyama geometry and slip distribution of coseismic surface ruptures produced by the 2001 mw 7. Implications for seismic behavior cristiano collettini, robert e.
Earthquakes are caused mostly by rupture of geological faults but also by other events such as volcanic activity, landslides, mine blasts, and nuclear tests. Fukuyama, international geophysics series, 94, 5162, elsevier. Modeling dynamic ruptures with high resolution fault zone. Numerous studies have documented the characteristics of the rupture zone. Variations in earthquake rupture properties along the gofar transform fault, east paci. Neartrench slip potential of megaquakes evaluated from fault. Variations in earthquake rupture properties along the. Download pdf fault zone properties and earthquake rupture. The epicenter is the point at ground level directly above the hypocenter. In the case of an earthquake fault zone, a geology investigation may conclude that the property, while near a fault, is not on top of the actual fault line. Finally, the dynamic generation of damage as the earthquake propagates can itself influence the dynamics of rupture propagation, by increasing the amount of energy dissipation, decreasing the rupture velocity, modifying the size of the earthquake, changing the efficiency of weakening mechanisms such as thermal pressurisation of pore fluids, and. Fault zone properties and earthquake rupture dynamics densely distributed seismological observation network e.
Evolution of fault properties during seismic rupture is a valuable contribution for earths scientists, researchers and students interested in the earthquakes processes and properties of onfault and offfault zones. Variations in earthquake rupture properties along the gofar. Both ssd and ofds are sensitive to the quality of the fractured rock mass inside the fault damage zone, and surface rupture is almost entirely suppressed in poor quality material. Earthquakes represent one endmember of slip behavior. In this presentation, i will focus on a new computational algorithm for modeling earthquake ruptures. Beichuan fault of the longmen shan fault zone, eastern tibet plateau. Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets.
Off fault deformations and shallow slip deficit from dynamic rupture simulations with fault zone plasticity. The dynamics of the earthquake rupture process are closely related to fault zone properties which the authors have intensively. Evolution of fault properties during seismic rupture is a valuable contribution for earths scientists, researchers and students interested in the earthquakes processes and properties of on fault and off fault zones. Previous models of earthquake rupture dynamics have neglected interesting deformational properties of fault zone materials. Introduction for the fault zone properties and earthquake rupture dynamics by e. Fault zone properties and earthquake rupture dynamics issn book 94 kindle edition by fukuyama, eiichi. Regulatory zones also known as ap zones that encompass traces of holoceneactive faultsto address hazards associated with surface fault rupture. Collins1, pierre gouedard2, emily roland3, dan lizarralde1, margaret s.
Insights from physically, and observationally, consistent numerical modeling fault zone dynamic processes. Earthquake fault zonesare regulatory zones that address the hazard of surface fault ruptureand are just one type of regulatory zone that address earthquakerelated geologic hazards. Earthquake failure sequences along a cellular fault zone in a. Earthquakes are some of the most dynamic features of the earth.
Faultzone properties and earthquake rupture dynamics eiichi fukuyama this book bridges research from multiple fields seismology, structural geology and rock mechanics to create a unique interdisciplinary approach to earthquake faulting. Faultzone properties and earthquake rupture dynamics 1st edition isbn. An earthquake rupture process can be kinematically described by rupture velocity, duration and spatial extent. A mohrcoulomb failure criterion is used to characterize nonelastic offfault response to earthquake ruptures. Depthvarying rupture properties of subduction zone. Geologic and structural controls on rupture zone fabric. The physics of earthquake rupture which produced strain offsets of several nanostrain on the fiber optic strainmeter. Earthquake fault zone maps pursuant to the ap act only depict known active fault zones. These include geological investigation of the active and fossil faults, physical and chemical features obtained by the laboratory experiments, as well as the seismological estimation from seismic waveforms. Monitoring fault zone environments with correlations of. Quantitative analysis of seismic fault zone waves in the. Faultzone properties and earthquake rupture dynamics volume. Pdf orthogonal fault rupture and rapid postseismic.
Deformation characteristics of the 2001 coseismic surface rupture 19. Lin aseismicseismic transition and fluid regime along subduction plate boundaries and a. Investigating microearthquake finite source attributes. Modeling earthquake ruptures with high resolution fault. The rupture zones of earthquakes are usually planar fault plane, but. Once an earthquake occurs, slip offsets sometimes appear on the surface as a fault outcrop, and the repeated occurrence of earthquakes forms a fault zone. Applications to faultzone properties and rupture dynamics article pdf available in scientific drilling special issue no. House damaged by surface rupture during the august 14, 2014 south napa earthquake 8 figure 23. Submitted to special issue of pageoph on faultzone properties and earthquake rupture dynamics 09 may 2008. Primary roles and responsibilities of thefour groups engaged in alquistpriolo earthquake fault zoning act 11 figure 24. Dynamic ruptures in recent models of earthquake faults yehuda benzion. Fault zone properties and earthquake rupture dynamics. Other types of regulatory zones address the potential for liquefaction and seismicallyinduced landslides, which are regulated by the.
924 1138 665 6 1146 856 1165 1533 1185 207 863 910 954 1405 814 603 600 9 1289 705 774 1047 1149 1611 717 933 968 1020 28 632 807 258 900